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The Earth and The Universe

The deepest Ocean in the World is The Pacific Ocean with its deepest point being 10,925m (35,837ft) and an Average depth of 4,028m (13,215ft)
- The depth figure is incorrect, and it's not even an accurate unit conversion. In 2021, a revised measurement of Challenger Deep established the deepest point of 10,935m, ±6m at 95% certainty index.¹ In imperial, this is 35,875ft. The average depth unit conversion is at least accurate, even if the figure isn't verifiable. I can't find a specific reference for the mean depth of just the Pacific, as the Encylopaedia Britannica can't be trusted (it adds at least 40 meters to the deepest point figure) and most other citations are rounded to the nearest thousand, which isn't particularly accurate.
The longest river in the world is the Nile which flows through Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan and Egypt and is 6,670km (4,145miles) long.
- The Nile river basin covers Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda, and by some estimates is 7,088km (4,404miles) long from its source at Nyungwe National Park, in Rwanda.² ³
The Highest waterfall is The Angel Falls on the river Carrao in Venezuela. It is 979m (3,212ft) total drop, the longest single drop is 807m (2,648ft)
The Largest Lake is the Caspian Sea. It has an approximate area of 371,000 sq km (143,000 sq miles) and is located in Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan
Indonesia is the country with the largest area of Coral Reef at 51,021 sq km of it. That is 17.95% of the World total
Easter Island in the South Pacific is officially The Worlds Most Isolated Island as it has an Isolation Index of 149. This is worked out by adding together the square root of the distance to the nearest island, group of Islands and Continent.
The Highest Island in the World is New Guinea in Papua New Guinea/Indonesia as its Highest Elevation is 5,030m (16,503ft)
The Highest Mountain in Europe is Mont Blanc in France and Italy which has a principle peak of 4,807m (15,771 ft)
The Highest Mountain in the World is Mount Everest in Nepal/China. It was first climbed by a team Led by Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tensing on 29th May, 1953. It is 8,850m (29,035ft) high
The Andes in South America are the Longest Mountain Range stretching 7,242km (4,5000 miles).
The Highest Active Volcano is San Pedro in Chile, It's latest activity was in 1960 and it is 6,145m (20,161ft) high
McKinley in Alaska is the Highest mountain in North America. It is 6,194 m (20,320ft) high
The Deepest depression on the Earths Surface is the Dead Sea in Israel and Jordan. At it's deepest it is 400m (1,312ft) below sea level
The Deepest Cave on the Planet is the Krubera (Voronja) in Georgia (The Eastern European Country not the State) and is 1,710m (5,609ft) deep
The Longest Cave is the Mammoth Cave System in Kentucky and is 557km (346miles) long
With an Approximate are of 9,100,000 sq km (3,500,000 sq miles) the Sahara Desert in North Africa is the Largest Desert in the World
The Maldives has the Lowest Elevation of any country, its highest point being 3m (10ft)
The Largest Meteorite Crater is in South Africa and named Vredefort. It is 300 km (186miles) in diameter
The Most Common Element in The Earth's Crust is Oxygen having 474,000 parts per million
Nitrogen is the principle component of Air. It is 18.110% of its airs total volume
The Driest Place in the World is Arica in Chile with an average annual rainfall of 0.7mm, 0.03"
The Coldest Place in the World is The Vostok scientific research station in Antarctica. It has a lowest recorded temperature of -89.2(°C) (-138.6(°F))
The Hottest Place on this planet is Al'Az-īz-īyah in Libya. The Higest recorded temperature there is 58.0(°C) (136.4(°F))
The Place with the Most Rainy Days is Waialeala in Hawaii as 335 days a year it is raining.
The Place with the Least rainy days is Arica in Chile as they only have 1 rainy day every 6 years.
The Place in the world with the heaviest Daily Downpours is Chilaos in Réunion. The most rainfall they have in a day is 1,870mm (73.6")
Ben Nevis in Scotland is the Cloudiest Place in the World as the percentage of Maximum possible sunshine is 16% and the average annual hours of sunshine a year is 736 hours.
The Sunniest place in the World is Yuma in Arizona. The % of max possible sunshine is 91% and their average hours of sunshine a day is 4,127
India is the Country with the most deaths due to natural disasters. The estimated deaths in 2000 because of them is 3,424 against the 16 in the UK.
The Most costly type of disaster is Floods. The damage caused between `91 and 2000 is $272,818,900,000
The Worst Epidemic in the world is The Black Death plague in Europe and Asia between 1347-51. The estimated number of people who died because of it is 75,000,000
The worst Tsunamis of the 20th Century was in Agadir in Morocco on the 29th Feb 1960. The combination of Earthquake and Tsunami killed 12,000 people
The Worst Earthquake on Record was in the Near East/Mediterranean on 20th May 1202. It killed an estimated 1,100,000
The worst flood was in August 1931.The Huang He River in China has burst its bank 1,500 times since records began, this particular time it killed 3,700,000
Dirty snow melts faster than clean snow
Very small clouds that look like they have broken off of bigger clouds are called scuds
Earth is not round, it is slightly pear-shaped
The one place where a flag flies all day, never goes up or comes down, and does not get saluted, is the moon.
Earth is not round; it is slightly pear-shaped. The North Pole radius is 44mm longer than the South Pole radius.
A green diamond is the rarest diamond.
A diamond will break if you hit it with a hammer.
The crawler, the machine that takes the Space Shuttle to the launching pad moves at 3km/h (2 mph).
Summer on Uranus lasts for 21 years - but so does winter.
The Sahara desert expands at about 1km per month.
Oceanography, the study of oceans, is a mixture of biology, physics, geology and chemistry.
More than 70% of earth's dryland is affected by desertification.
The US has one of the highest fire death rates in the industrialised world, with more than 2 million fires reported each year.
The sun is 330,330 times larger than the earth.
The largest iceberg ever recorded was 335km (208 miles) long and 97km (60 miles) wide.
Hurricanes, tornadoes and bigger bodies of water always go clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. This directional spinning has to do with the rotation of the earth and is called the Coriolis force.
Winds that blow toward the equator curve west.
Organist William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 with the first reflecting telescope that he built. He named it Georgium Sidium in honour of King George III of England but in 1850 it was renamed Uranus in accordance with the tradition of naming planets for Roman gods.
During a total solar eclipse the temperature can drop by 6 degrees Celsius (about 20 degrees Fahrenheit).
The tallest waterfalls in the world are Angel Falls in Venezuela. At 979 m (3,212 ft), they are 19 times taller than the Niagara Falls, or 3 times taller than the Empire State Building.
Although the Angel Falls are much taller than the Niagara Falls, the latter are much wider, and they both pour about the same amount of water over their edges - about 2,8 billion litres (748 million gallons) per second.
There are 1040 islands around Britain, one of which is the smallest island in the world: Bishop's Rock.
All the planets in the solar system rotate anticlockwise, except Venus. It is the only planet that rotates clockwise.
Earth is the densest planet in the solar system and the only one not named after a god.
Earth orbits the sun at an average speed of 29.79 km/s (18.51 miles/sec), or about 107 000 km/h (about 67,000 miles/hour).
One year on earth is 365.26 days long. One day is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds long. The extra day in a leap year was introduced to compensate for the discrepancy in the Georgian calendar.
Plates carrying the continents migrate over the earth's surface a few centimetres (inches) per year, about the same speed that a fingernail grows.
On average, 13,000 earthquakes are located each year. More
The magnetic north pole is near Ellef Ringes Island in northern Canada.
The magnetic south pole was discovered off the coast of Wilkes Land in Antarctica.
There is zero gravity at the centre of earth.
the deepest mine in the world is Western Deep Levels near Charletonville, South Africa. It is 4,2km (2.6 miles) deep.
The deepest point in the sea: the Mariana Trench off Guam in the Pacific Ocean; it is 10,9 km (6.77 miles) below sea level.
Earth is slowing down - in a few million years there won't be a leap year.
The tail of the Great Comet of 1843 was 330 million km long. (It will return in 2356.)
About 500 small meteorites fall to earth every year but most fall in the sea and in unpopulated areas.
There is no record of a person being killed by a meteorite but animals are occasionally hit.
The Dead Sea is 365 m (1,200 ft) below sea level.
A storm officially becomes a hurricane when cyclone winds reach 119 km/h (74 mph).
In space, astronauts cannot cry, because there is no gravity, so the tears can't flow!
Footprints astronauts make on the moon will remain for millions of years due to the fact that there's no wind to blow them away
It takes 8 minutes for light to travel from the sun to here (i.e. 8 light minutes)
Most stars shine for at least 10 billion years
All the moons of the Solar System are named after Greek and Roman mythology, except the moons of Uranus, which are named after Shakespearean characters
More than 20 million meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere every day. Most are no bigger than a speck of dust. The larger ones are usually burned up by the earth's atmosphere
The winds on Saturn blow at 1,200 mph. 10 times faster than a strong Earth hurricane
The rings of Saturn are made of ice chunks; some as small as an ice cube and some are as big as a house.
Saturn isn't the only planet with rings: Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune have them, too.
Io, a moon of Jupiter, has the most active volcanoes in the solar system
Olympus Mons on Mars is the largest volcano in our solar system
Astronauts are not allowed to eat beans before they go into space because passing wind in a space suit damages them.
The comet that came closest to the earth was The Comet of 1491 on February 20th 1491. It was 873,784miles (1,406,220km) away
The Largest meteorite to be found in the UK was in Barwell, Leicestershire on 24th December 1965. It weighed 44kg (97lb)
The Largest Asteroid is Ceres which was discovered in 1801 and is 582miles (936km) in diameter.
It is thought that 1 asteroid larger than 1/4 mile (0.4km) hits the Earth every 50,000 years.
The largest Planetary Moon is Ganymede of Jupiter, it is 3,274miles (5,269km) diameter and is bigger than Pluto
The Large Cloud of Magellan (169,000lightyears away) is the Galaxy nearest to the Earth
The Sun is the Largest body in the Solar System with a max. diameter of 865,036miles (1,392,140km)
Proxima Centauri is the nearest star to the earth (excluding the sun) at 4.22 light years, 39,923,310 million Km and 24,792,500 million Miles
If you were to travel at 40,237km/h it would take you 113,200 years to reach Proxima Centauri. Seeing as that is faster than any human has traveled in space so far I don't think that will be happening soon
The Moon was the first astronomical body to be visited by a space ship on 2 of January 1959 by Russian craft Luna 1
The first unmanned landing on the moon was made by Lunik 2 of the USSR. It launched on 12 of September 1959 and landed on the 14th
Longest Space Shuttle Flight up till 1st of January 2001 was the STS-80 Columbia between 19 November-7 December 1996. It lasted 17 days 8hours 53 minutes and 18 seconds
Launched on 26th of April 1962 The first astronomical Satellite was the Ariel 1 from UK, Investigating solar UV and X-Radiation.
The first Planetary Probe Arrived on Venus on 18th of October 1967 launched by the USSR and was named the Venera 4
The Moon is the most visited body in Space as 66 space crafts have landed on it
The most experienced American Woman in Space is Shannon W. Lucid who went on 5 Missions lasting 223 days 2 hours 52 minutes and 26 seconds. The most experienced Soviet is Yelena V. Kondakova who went on 2 missions lasting 178 days 10 hours 41 minutes and 31 seconds
The Most experienced Man in space is Russian Sergei V. Avdeyev who went on 3 missions lasting 747 days 14 hours 22 minutes and 47 seconds
As everyone knows Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first men to walk on the Moon but The men who were on there the longest were John W. Young and Charles M. Duke who both spent 20 hours and 14 minutes out side of their landing vehicles.
The first Man to walk in Space was Russian Alexei Leonov who spent 23 minutes out side Voskhod 2 in March 1965, The first American was Edward H. White for 36 minutes in June 1965 from his ship Gemini 4
The Longest Space Walk was James Voss and Susan Helma from the STS-102/ISS on the 10/11 of March 2001 for 8hours, 56 minutes
The Longest Space Mission was Cosmonaut Valeri V. Polyakov between 8th of January 1994 and 22nd of March 1995. He spent a whopping 423 days 17 hours and 59 minutes in Space
The Most Common Element on the Moon is Oxygen as this makes up 40% of it
Hydrogen is the Most common Element in the Universe as it has 739,000 parts per million as opposed to the 240,000 parts that Helium, the closest to it, has.
The Sun's, most common element is Hydrogen as it has 745,000 parts per million